Economy Overview
Under the old Soviet central planning system, Armenia developed a modern industrial sector, supplying machine tools, textiles, and other manufactured goods to sister republics, in exchange for raw materials and energy. Armenia has since switched to small-scale agriculture and away from the large agro industrial complexes of the Soviet era. Armenia has only two open trade borders - Iran and Georgia - because its borders with Azerbaijan and Turkey have been closed since 1991 and 1993, respectively, as a result of Armenia's ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the separatist Nagorno-Karabakh region. Armenia joined the World Trade Organization in January 2003. The government has made some improvements in tax and customs administration in recent years, but anti-corruption measures have been largely ineffective. Armenia will need to pursue additional economic reforms and strengthen the rule of law in order to raise its economic growth and improve economic competitiveness and employment opportunities, especially given its economic isolation from Turkey and Azerbaijan. Armenia's geographic isolation, a narrow export base, and pervasive monopolies in important business sectors have made it particularly vulnerable to volatility in the global commodity markets and the economic challenges in Russia. Armenia is particularly dependent on Russian commercial and governmental support, as most key Armenian infrastructure is Russian-owned and/or managed, especially in the energy sector. Remittances from expatriates working in Russia are equivalent to about 12-14% of GDP. Armenia joined the Russia-led Eurasian Economic Union in January 2015, but has remained interested in pursuing closer ties with the EU as well, signing a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement with the EU in November 2017. Armenia’s rising government debt is leading Yerevan to tighten its fiscal policies – the amount is approaching the debt to GDP ratio threshold set by national legislation.
Agriculture Products
milk, potatoes, grapes, vegetables, tomatoes, watermelons, wheat, apples, cabbages, barley
Industries
brandy, mining, diamond processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging and pressing machines, electric motors, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry, software, food processing
Industrial Production Growth Rate
5.4% (2017 est.)
Labor Force
1.507 million (2017 est.)
Labor Force by Occupation
Agriculture: 36.3%
Industry: 17%
Services: 46.7% (2013 est.)
Unemployment Rate
0: 18.9% (2017 est.)
1: 18.8% (2016 est.)
Youth Unemployment Rate
Total: 24%
Male: 25.4%
Female: 22.1% (2020 est.)
Population Below Poverty Line
26.4% (2019 est.)
Household Income or Consumption by Percentage Share
Lowest 10%: 3.5%
Highest 10%: 25.7% (2014)
Distribution of Family Income Gini Index
0: 34.4 (2018 est.)
1: 31.5 (2013 est.)
Budget
Revenues: 2.644 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: 3.192 billion (2017 est.)
Budget Surplus
-4.8% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public Debt
0: 53.5% of GDP (2017 est.)
1: 51.9% of GDP (2016 est.)
Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
Market Value of Publicly Traded Shares
Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold
0: $2.314 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
1: $2.204 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt External
0: $11.637 billion (2019 est.)
1: $10.785 billion (2018 est.)
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment at Home
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad
Exchange Rates
0: drams (AMD) per US dollar -
1: 487.9 (2017 est.)
2: 480.49 (2016 est.)
3: 480.49 (2015 est.)
4: 477.92 (2014 est.)
5: 415.92 (2013 est.)
