Economy Overview
Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy, pursuing an explicit import substitution policy.Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 30% of GDP, 60% of budget revenues, and nearly 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the 10th-largest reserves of natural gas in the world - including the 3rd-largest reserves of shale gas - and is the 6th-largest gas exporter. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. Hydrocarbon exports enabled Algeria to maintain macroeconomic stability, amass large foreign currency reserves, and maintain low external debt while global oil prices were high. With lower oil prices since 2014, Algeria’s foreign exchange reserves have declined by more than half and its oil stabilization fund has decreased from about $20 billion at the end of 2013 to about $7 billion in 2017, which is the statutory minimum.Declining oil prices have also reduced the government’s ability to use state-driven growth to distribute rents and fund generous public subsidies, and the government has been under pressure to reduce spending. Over the past three years, the government has enacted incremental increases in some taxes, resulting in modest increases in prices for gasoline, cigarettes, alcohol, and certain imported goods, but it has refrained from reducing subsidies, particularly for education, healthcare, and housing programs.Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. Since 2015, the government has imposed additional restrictions on access to foreign exchange for imports, and import quotas for specific products, such as cars. In January 2018 the government imposed an indefinite suspension on the importation of roughly 850 products, subject to periodic review.President BOUTEFLIKA announced in fall 2017 that Algeria intends to develop its non-conventional energy resources. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. Algeria has not increased non-hydrocarbon exports, and hydrocarbon exports have declined because of field depletion and increased domestic demand.
Agriculture Products
potatoes, wheat, milk, watermelons, barley, onions, tomatoes, oranges, dates, vegetables
Industries
petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing
Industrial Production Growth Rate
0.6% (2017 est.)
Labor Force
10.859 million (2017 est.)
Labor Force by Occupation
Agriculture: 10.8%
Industry: 30.9%
Services: 58.4% (2011 est.)
Unemployment Rate
0: 11.7% (2017 est.)
1: 10.5% (2016 est.)
Population Below Poverty Line
5.5% (2011 est.)
Household Income or Consumption by Percentage Share
Lowest 10%: 2.8%
Highest 10%: 26.8% (1995)
Distribution of Family Income Gini Index
27.6 (2011 est.)
Budget
Revenues: 54.15 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: 70.2 billion (2017 est.)
Budget Surplus
-9.6% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public Debt
0: 27.5% of GDP (2017 est.)
1: 20.4% of GDP (2016 est.)
Note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt
Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
Market Value of Publicly Traded Shares
Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold
0: $97.89 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
1: $114.7 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt External
0: $5.574 billion (2019 est.)
1: $5.666 billion (2018 est.)
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment at Home
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad
Exchange Rates
0: Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -
1: 131.085 (2020 est.)
2: 119.775 (2019 est.)
3: 118.4617 (2018 est.)
4: 100.691 (2014 est.)
5: 80.579 (2013 est.)
