1 GeoFroggy

Bulgaria

Continent: Europe

Geography

People &
Society

Government

Economy

Energy

Communications

Military &
Security

Transportation

Terrorism

Transnational Issues
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Background

Having fought on the losing side in both World Wars, Bulgaria fell within the Soviet sphere of influence and became a People's Republic in 1946. Communist domination ended in 1991 with the dissolution of the USSR, and Bulgaria began the contentious process of moving toward political democracy and a market economy while combating inflation, unemployment, corruption, and crime. Today, reforms and democratization keep Bulgaria on a path toward eventual integration into the EU and NATO.

Location

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey

Area Comparative

Slightly larger than Tennessee

Maritime Claims

Contiguous zone: 24 nm

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate
Temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers

Natural Hazards

Earthquakes, landslides

Environment Current Issues

Air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes

Environment International Agreements

Party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

Signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol

Geography Note

Strategic location near Turkish Straits; controls key land routes from Europe to Middle East and Asia
Year

Map Reference

  • Europe

Irrigated Land 1993

  • 12,370 sq km

Area 2000

  • Total
    110,910 sq km
  • Land
    110,550 sq km
  • Water
    360 sq km

Coastline

  • 354 km

Geographical Coordinates

  • 43 00 N, 25 00 E

Land use 2000

  • Arable Land
    43%
  • Permanent Crops
    2%
  • Permanent Pastures
    14%
  • Forests And Woodland
    38%
  • Other
    3%

Terrain

  • Mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast

Elevation

  • Lowest Point: Black Sea 0 m
  • Highest Point: Musala 2,925 m

Land Boundaries

  • Total
    1,808 km
  • Greece
    494 km
  • The Former Yugoslav Republic Of Macedonia
    148 km
  • Romania
    608 km
  • Serbia And Montenegro
    318 km
  • (all With
    Serbia)Turkey km

Natural Resources

  • Bauxite
  • Copper
  • Lead
  • Zinc
  • Coal
  • Timber
  • Arable land
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