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Military and Security Forces

Canadian Army, Royal Canadian Navy, Royal Canadian Air Force; Department of Fisheries and Oceansthe CAF is comprised of both a Regular Force and a Reserve Force; the Reserve Force is part of all three services (Army, Navy, and Air Force) and is considered an integral component of the CAF; reservists are primarily part-time service positions; they may volunteer for full-time employment or deployment on operations; they typically serve one or more evenings a week and/or during weekends at locations close to home; the Reserve Force is comprised of the Primary Reserve, Canadian Rangers, Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service, and the Supplementary Reserve; the Canadian Rangers are part of the Army Reserve Force and provide a limited presence in Canada's northern, coastal, and isolated areas for sovereignty, public safety, and surveillance roles

Military Service Age and Obligation

0: 17 years of age for voluntary male and female military service (with parental consent); 16 years of age for Reserve and Military College applicants; Canadian citizenship or permanent residence status required; maximum 34 years of age; service obligation 3-9 years (2023)

Note 1: Canada opened up all military occupations to women in 2001; women in 2023 comprised about 16% of the CAF

Note 2: the CAF offers waivers to foreign nationals applying for military service only in exceptional cases â€” to individuals on international military exchanges, for example, or to candidates who have specialized skills in high demand

Military and Security Service Personnel Strengths

approximately 70,000 active armed forces personnel (23,000 Army; 12,000 Navy; 12,000 Air Force; 23,000 other) (2023)

Military Equipment Inventories and Acquisitions

the CAF's inventory is a mix of domestically produced equipment and imported weapons systems from Australia, Europe, Israel, and the US; in recent years, the leading supplier has been the US; Canada's defense industry develops, maintains, and produces a range of equipment, including aircraft, combat vehicles, naval vessels, and associated components (2023)

Military Deployments

the CAF has approximately 1,000 military personnel forward deployed for NATO air, land, and sea missions in the European theater, including a ground task force in Latvia (2023)

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Year	2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

Military Expenditures

1.4% of GDP (2023)1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)1.3% of GDP (2021)1.4% of GDP (2020)1.3% of GDP (2019)