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BANGLADESH

Continent: Asia

Geography

People &
Society

Government

Economy

Energy

Communications

Military &
Security

Transportation

Terrorism

Transnational Issues
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Background

The post-independence, AL government faced daunting challenges and in 1975 was overthrown by the military, triggering a series of military coups that resulted in a military-backed government and subsequent creation of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP). That government also ended in a coup in 1981, followed by military-backed rule until democratic elections in 1991. The BNP and AL alternated in power between 1991 and 2013, with the exception of a military-backed, emergency caretaker regime that suspended parliamentary elections planned for January 2007 in an effort to reform the political system and root out corruption. That government returned the country to fully democratic rule in December 2008 with the election of the AL and Prime Minister Sheikh HASINA. In January 2014, the incumbent AL won the national election by an overwhelming majority after the BNP boycotted, extending HASINA's term as prime minister. With the help of international development assistance, Bangladesh has made great progress in food security since independence, and the economy has grown at an annual average of about 6% over the last two decades.

Location

Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India

Area Comparative

Slightly smaller than Iowa

Maritime Claims

Territorial sea: 12 nm

Contiguous zone: 18 nm

Exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

Continental shelf: to the outer limits of the continental margin

Climate
Tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)

Natural Hazards

Droughts; cyclones; much of the country routinely inundated during the summer monsoon season

Environment Current Issues

Many people are landless and forced to live on and cultivate flood-prone land; waterborne diseases prevalent in surface water; water pollution, especially of fishing areas, results from the use of commercial pesticides; ground water contaminated by naturally occurring arsenic; intermittent water shortages because of falling water tables in the northern and central parts of the country; soil degradation and erosion; deforestation; severe overpopulation

Environment International Agreements

Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

Signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Geography Note

Most of the country is situated on deltas of large rivers flowing from the Himalayas: the Ganges unites with the Jamuna (main channel of the Brahmaputra) and later joins the Meghna to eventually empty into the Bay of Bengal
Year

Map Reference

  • Asia

Irrigated Land 2008

  • 50,500 sq km

Area 2015

  • Total
    148,460 sq km
  • Land
    130,170 sq km
  • Water
    18,290 sq km

Coastline

  • 580 km

Geographical Coordinates

  • 24 00 N, 90 00 E

Land use 2015

  • Agricultural Land
    70.1%;
  • Forest
    11.1%
  • Other
    18.8%

Terrain

  • Mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast

Land Boundaries

  • Total
    4,413 km
  • Burma km
  • India
    4,142 km

Natural Resources

  • Natural gas
  • Arable land
  • Timber
  • Coal
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