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Bosnia and Herzegovina

Continent: Europe

Geography

People &
Society

Government

Economy

Energy

Communications

Military &
Security

Transportation

Terrorism

Transnational Issues
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Location

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia

Area Comparative

Tlightly smaller than West Virginia

Maritime Claims

NA

Climate
Hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast

Population Distribution

The northern and central areas of the country are the most densely populated

Natural Hazards

Destructive earthquakes

Environment Current Issues

Air pollution; deforestation and illegal logging; inadequate wastewater treatment and flood management facilities; sites for disposing of urban waste are limited; land mines left over from the 1992-95 civil strife are a hazard in some areas

Environment International Agreements

Party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

Signed, but not ratified: None of the selected agreements

Geography Note

Within Bosnia and Herzegovina's recognized borders, the country is divided into a joint Bosniak/Croat Federation (about 51% of the territory) and the Bosnian Serb-led Republika Srpska or RS (about 49% of the territory); the region called Herzegovina is contiguous to Croatia and Montenegro, and traditionally has been settled by an ethnic Croat majority in the west and an ethnic Serb majority in the east
Year

Map Reference

  • Europe

Irrigated Land

  • 30 sq km

Area 2020

  • Total
    51,197 sq km
  • Land
    51,187 sq km
  • Water
    10 sq km

Coastline

  • 20 km

Geographical Coordinates

  • 44 00 N, 18 00 E

Land use 2020

  • Agricultural Land
    42.2%
  • Arable Land
    19.7%
  • Forest
    42.8%
  • Other
    15%

Terrain

  • Mountains and valleys

Elevation

  • Mean Elevation: 500 m
  • Lowest Point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
  • Highest Point: Maglic 2,386 m

Land Boundaries

  • Total
    1,543 km
  • Croatia
    956 km
  • Montenegro
    242 km
  • Serbia
    345 km

Natural Resources

  • Coal
  • Iron ore
  • Antimony
  • Bauxite
  • Copper
  • Lead
  • Zinc
  • Chromite
  • Cobalt
  • Manganese
  • Nickel
  • Clay
  • Gypsum
  • Salt
  • Sand
  • Timber
  • Hydropower
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