Economy Overview
high-income core EU economy; diversified trade portfolio; continental tourism locale; high government spending and debt; prone to political financing corruption; negatively impacted by COVID-19; important port and customs infrastructure; key clothing/footwear supplier
Agriculture Products
barley, milk, wheat, olives, grapes, tomatoes, pork, maize, oranges, sugar beets
Industries
textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment
Industrial Production Growth Rate
4.03% (2021 est.)comparison ranking: 103
Labor Force
23.382 million (2021 est.)comparison ranking: 28
Unemployment Rate
14.73% (2021 est.)15.53% (2020 est.)14.1% (2019 est.)
Youth Unemployment Rate
Total: 36.9% (2021 est.)
Male: 35.9%
Female: 38.2%
Population Below Poverty Line
20.7% (2018 est.)
Household Income or Consumption by Percentage Share
Lowest 10%: 2.5%
Highest 10%: 24% (2011)
Distribution of Family Income Gini Index
34.3 (2019 est.)comparison ranking: 111
Average Household Expenditures
On food: 12.1% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
On alcohol and tobacco: 3.5% of household expenditures (2018 est.)
Budget
Revenues: $546.084 billion (2019 est.)
Expenditures: $585.979 billion (2019 est.)
Budget Surplus
-3.1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)comparison ranking: 134
Public Debt
141.22% of GDP (2020 est.)108.99% of GDP (2019 est.)104.74% of GDP (2018 est.)
Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
Market Value of Publicly Traded Shares
Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold
$92.201 billion (31 December 2021 est.)$81.288 billion (31 December 2020 est.)$74.731 billion (31 December 2019 est.)
Debt External
$2.338 trillion (2019 est.)$2.366 trillion (2018 est.)
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment at Home
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad
Exchange Rates
0: euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates: 0.845 (2021 est.)0.876 (2020 est.)0.893 (2019 est.)0.847 (2018 est.)0.885 (2017 est.)
