Economy Overview
Until the beginning of the global recession in 2008, Botswana maintained one of the world's highest economic growth rates since its independence in 1966. Botswana recovered from the global recession in 2010, but only grew modestly until 2017, primarily due to a downturn in the global diamond market, though water and power shortages also played a role. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world five decades ago into a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of approximately $18,100 in 2017. Botswana also ranks as one of the least corrupt and best places to do business in Sub-Saharan Africa. Because of its heavy reliance on diamond exports, Botswana’s economy closely follows global price trends for that one commodity. Diamond mining fueled much of Botswana’s past economic expansion and currently accounts for one-quarter of GDP, approximately 85% of export earnings, and about one-third of the government's revenues. In 2017, Diamond exports increased to the highest levels since 2013 at about 22 million carats of output, driving Botswana’s economic growth to about 4.5% and increasing foreign exchange reserves to about 45% of GDP. De Beers, a major international diamond company, signed a 10-year deal with Botswana in 2012 and moved its rough stone sorting and trading division from London to Gaborone in 2013. The move was geared to support the development of Botswana's nascent downstream diamond industry. Tourism is a secondary earner of foreign exchange and many Batswana engage in tourism-related services, subsistence farming, and cattle rearing. According to official government statistics, unemployment is around 20%, but unofficial estimates run much higher. The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is second highest in the world and threatens the country's impressive economic gains.
Agriculture Products
milk, roots/tubers, vegetables, sorghum, beef, game meat, watermelons, cabbages, goat milk, onions
Industries
diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver; beef processing; textiles
Industrial Production Growth Rate
-4.2% (2017 est.)
Labor Force
1.177 million (2017 est.)
Labor Force by Occupation
Agriculture: NA
Industry: NA
Services: NA
Unemployment Rate
0: 20% (2013 est.)
1: 17.8% (2009 est.)
Population Below Poverty Line
19.3% (2009 est.)
Household Income or Consumption by Percentage Share
Lowest 10%: NA
Highest 10%: NA
Distribution of Family Income Gini Index
0: 53.3 (2015 est.)
1: 63 (1993)
Budget
Revenues: 5.305 billion (2017 est.)
Expenditures: 5.478 billion (2017 est.)
Budget Surplus
-1% (of GDP) (2017 est.)
Public Debt
0: 14% of GDP (2017 est.)
1: 15.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
Market Value of Publicly Traded Shares
Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold
0: $7.491 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
1: $7.189 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Debt External
0: $2.187 billion (31 December 2017 est.)
1: $2.421 billion (31 December 2016 est.)
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment at Home
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad
Exchange Rates
0: pulas (BWP) per US dollar -
1: 10.90512 (2020 est.)
2: 10.81081 (2019 est.)
3: 10.60446 (2018 est.)
4: 10.1263 (2014 est.)
5: 8.9761 (2013 est.)
