Economy Overview
Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital stock, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. The global economic crisis of 2007-08 moved the Canadian economy into sharp recession by late 2008, and Ottawa posted its first fiscal deficit in 2009 after 12 years of surplus. Canada's major banks emerged from the financial crisis of 2008-09 among the strongest in the world, owing to the financial sector's tradition of conservative lending practices and strong capitalization. Since the fall in world oil prices in 2014, Canada has achieved modest economic growth.
Agriculture Products
wheat, barley, oilseed, tobacco, fruits, vegetables; dairy products; fish; forest products
Industries
transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products, wood and paper products, fish products, petroleum, natural gas
Industrial Production Growth Rate
-1.1% (2016 est.)
Labor Force
19.44 million (2016 est.)
Labor Force by Occupation
Agriculture: 2%
Manufacturing: 13%
Construction: 6%
Services: 76%
Other: 3% (2006 est.)
Unemployment Rate
6.9% (2015 est.)
Population Below Poverty Line
9.4%
Household Income or Consumption by Percentage Share
Lowest 10%: 2.6%
Highest 10%: 24.8% (2000)
Distribution of Family Income Gini Index
31.5 (1994)
Budget
Revenues: $593.5 billion
Expenditures: $623.3 billion (2016 est.)
Public Debt
98.4% of GDP (2015 est.)
Central Bank Discount Rate
0.25% (31 December 2009)
Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate
Stock of Narrow Money
$568.9 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Stock of Broad Money
$1.238 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
Stock of Domestic Credit
$2.574 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
Market Value of Publicly Traded Shares
$2.114 trillion (31 December 2013 est.)
Reserves of Foreign Exchange and Gold
$79.75 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Debt External
$1.55 trillion (31 March 2015 est.)
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment at Home
$818.8 billion (31 December 2015 est.)
Stock of Direct Foreign Investment Abroad
$1.132 trillion (31 December 2015 est.)
Exchange Rates
0.9992 (2012 est.)
